Rotary-compressor refrigerating machine



' 1,633,056 June 1927' H. w. WISHART ET AL ROTARY COMPRESSOR REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 25, 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet l ROTARY COMPRESSOR REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 23, 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Harold W Wis/Jar? William M I'S/Iar't u. by ii v v 1,633,056 June 21, 1927- w WISHART ET AL ROTARY COMPRESSOR REFRIGERATING MACHINE 1 Filed Jan. 25. 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 un 21 1927. J e H. w. WISHART ET AL ROTARY COMPRESSOR REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 25, 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet '4 V E EH Jim-02d W Wishart William Wis/war! 1,633,056 June 1927' H. w. WISHART E ROTARY COMPRESSOR REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 23. 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 VE IEILFKS 1,633,056 J 1927 H. w. WISHART ET AL ROTARY COMPRESSOR REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 23, 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 E v Harold MIA/187mm William Wisharl' hate'nted .me 21, i927.

UITED STATES HAROLD W. WISHART, 0F HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA, AND WILLIAM WISHART, OI CLINTON, IOWA, ASSIGNORS T0 CLIMAX ENGINEERING (30., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE. r

ROTARY-COMPRESSOR REFRIGERATING MACHIINE.

Application filed. January 23, 1925. Serial No. 4,148.

This invention relates to a refrigerating unit incorporating a rotary compressor for the refrigerant.

It is an object of this invention to provide a unit type ofrefrigerating machine of simple and compact arrangement adapted for automatic control and incorporating an improved rotary compressor -for the refrigerant. The present invention deals more' particularly with the compression and cooling stages of the refrigerating cycle, the eX- pansion stage taking place either adjacent a brine tank or in the refrigerator proper, both of which details have been omitted in this case because no novelty is involved therein.

It is an important object of this invention to provide an improved rotary compressor of the gyratory or pendulum type such as is shown in H. W. Wisharts c0- pending application Ser. No. 533,736, filed February 2, 1922.

It is another object of this invention to provide an improved and highly efficient .oil trap for separating oil from the compressed refrigerant. v I

It is a further object of this invention to provide a rotary compressor of the type described partly submerged in a bath of cooling, sealing-and lubricating fluid wherein the discharge from the compressor passes through an automatic valve and is conducts J ed above the level of the cooling agent to avoid unnecessary admixture therewith, to-

gether with an otherwise unavoidable partial condensation of the refrigerant.

It is also an object of this invention to provide an improved housing for a pendulum type r'otarycompressor, having internal and external fins. adapted to facilitate the maximum heat transfer from the refrigerant and the cooling liquid to the casing and thence to the atmosphere. Efiicient cooling of the compressor reduces'the required capacity thereof and therefore reduces the power demands as compared to. a cycle involving adiabatic compression.

It is a further pbject of this invention to provide an improved piston enclosure and swivel block mounting wherein the enclosure is adjustable to compensate for wear of the swivel block, which wear would otherwise result in serious leakage of the refrigand cylinder to prevent end grinding be-. tween the. piston "and cylinder walls; to-

gether with a thrust washer adapted td maintain the eccentric shaft in the proper posit-ion respective to the cylinder.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a rotary compressor operating in abath \of lubricant wherein the compressor shaft is drilled to convey oil to the friction surfaces under centrifugal force created by the rotation of the shaft.

It is also an object of this invention to provide an improved and self contained rotary compressor incorporated in a refrigcrating unit of the least possible complication consistent with satisfactory .service to the user.

Other and further important objects of this invention will be apparent from the specification and the, accompanying draw mgs.

The invention (in a preferred form) is illustrated in the drawings and hereinafter more fully described.

On the drawings:

'Figure 1 is a side elevation ofa refrigerator unit embodying the features of this invention.

Figure 2 is an elevation of the compressor end of the unit. t

Figure 8 is an enlarged vertical axial section of the rotary compressor taken on the line 38 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a vertical transverse section of the compressor. taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a section of a slightly modified form of piston and cylinder corresponding in part with Figure 4. I

Figure 6 is a section of the suction passages to the compressor taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 3.

Figure 7 is an enlarged longitudinal see tion of the oil trap taken on the line 77 of Figure 2.

Figure 8 is a section on the line 88 of Figure 7.

Figure 9 is a section of the check valve used to prevent back flow from the high pressure side upon stopping the compressor, the section being taken on the line 9-9 of Figure 2, v

As shown on the drawings:

The refrigerating unit COll'lPl'lSGS as a.

whole a rotary compressor, to be hereinafter described in detail, which is mounted as a unit on a base 10 and driven by a prime mover 11 connected to a fan and flywheel 12 of the compressor. Theicompressedrefrigerant leaving the compressor is delivered into the bottom of a long horizontal tube 13 forming an oil trap arranged to drain back into the compressor casing'through the delivery pipe 14 from the compressor. The *entering refrigerant flows along the length of this tube and the gaseous refrigerant finds an outlet through the inclined tube 15; the

mouth of which is arranged at the highest point in the tube 13. This outlet 15 leads through the wall of the tube 13 and is connected to a valve manifold 16 and then by' the connection 17 to a bank of double-walled cooling and condensing coils 18 through which a water circulation is maintained.

The water supply and high and low side refrigerant controls all center in the valve manifold 16 which is described in Patent No. 1,397,912 of. November 22, 1921'. A

water switch 19 as connected to the water circulating system is indicated for the purpose of automatically shutting down the compressor upon failure of the water supply. The condensing coils 18 discharge the liquid refrigerant into a storage tank or hottle 20 mounted along said base 10, which also serves as a support for all the apparatus mentioned herein. The liquid refrigerant is drawn from the storage bottle as needed in the refrigerator compartment expansion and evaporating coils which are connected to the valved outlet 21. The return lead from. the expansion coils enters a scale trap 22 thence to the valve manifold and through a check valve 23 and strainer 24 leading to the inlet passage 25 formed by the boss 26 on the casing 53. This passage aligns with an inlet port 27 on the cylinder wall of the compressor proper.

Axially positioned within the casing 53 is a drive shaft 28, the projecting end of which carries the flywheel 12. This shaft is provided with an eccentric section 29 on either side of which are mounted counterweights 30. Mounted on the eccentric 29 is a roller bearing 31 supporting a piston 32. The use of a roller bearing permits free axial adjustment of the piston relative to the shaft to prevent end thrust by the piston whichwould involve large power losses as well as rapid wear thereof. Mounted on the shaft on either side of the countcrweights are other roller bearings 33 the outer races of which are secured in cylinder side walls 34 and 35, the side wall 34 being hereinafter referred to as the suction plate and the other asthe discharge plate. An enclosing cylinder 36 is clamped between the two plates and the assembly bolted to the wall of the casing 53. A cylindrical rocker sealing member 37 which may be made in two segments as shown in Figure 5, is positioned in a suitable aperture formed in a depending boss 38 on the bottom of the cylinder and this rocker is apertured to receive a reciprocating partition or blade 39, the inlet or suction port 27 opening into the cylinder space 40011 one side of this blade and a similar discharge porton the other side of this blade leads to the enclosed discharge valve 41 from which the compressed refrigerant is led above the surface of the lubricant and sealing li uid by the pipe 42.

The roc er sealing member and the aperture therefor require careful fitting to maintain a fluid seal and to maintain this seal the cylinder boss 38 may be split as shown in Figure 5 to allow-subsequent adjustment to the closest working clearance permissible. The partition blade is riveted in suitable reccsses in the piston and to maintain a fluid. seal at the joint a hole is reamed half in each part and a sealing pin 43 is driven therein to form a gas stop.

The casing 53 is provided with external cooling fins 44, air being blown thereover by fan blades formed in the flywheel 12. Fins 45 are also formed on the inside surface of the casing to improve the heat transfer from the cooling-and lubricating fluid therein, which is maintained at a level above the axis of the shaft (28). The shaft is drilled as .at 46 from the outboard end to provide an oil lead, radial outlets 47 being neaaoae which carries a sight gauge 51 with pointers 1 oil levels within the casing.

The operation is as follows: Rotation of the crankshaft 28 and eccentric actuates the piston which has a continuous rolling contact with the cylinder ring. During this rolling motion the partition blade has an oscillating in and out reciprocating motion in the rocker. The whole movement of the piston may be likened to an inverted pendulum. Therefrigerant enters through the inlet 25 and suction plate 34, the rotation of the piston serving to gradually draw the blade out of the rocker as the point of contact of the pistonand cylinder advances forming a crescent-shaped space to receive the refrigerant. As the point of rolling contact advances the suction space increases to a maximum when the point of contact travels around to the blade position, whereupon the gas is trapped in this space and compressed by continued rotation of the point of contact, a suction cycle proceeding at the same time the-previous charge is being compressed and "delivered through the discharge valve into the. space in the casing above the sealing oil, from which the gas flows to the oil trap and thence to the condenser coils and storage bottle.

.We are aware that'numerous details of construction may be varied through afwide range without departing from the principles of this invention and we therefore do not purpose limiting the atent granted hereon, otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

We claim'as our invention:

' 1. In a compressor of the class, described, a cylinder, a shaft journalled therein, an ec centric on said shaft, a iston on said eccentric, a rocker adjustably mounted in the cylinder to maintain sealing engagement therein, and a blade secured to said piston and slidably engaged in said rocker.

2. In a compressor of the class described, a cylinder, a shaft, an eccentric on .said shaft within the cylinder, a piston on said eccentric, a rocker adjustably mounted. in

said cylinder, a blade fixed relatively'to the piston and slidable in said rocker, and a plug driven between said blade and said piston adapted to form a gas seal therebetween. 7

3. In a device of the class described a casing having internal and external cooling fins, a rotary compressor mounted within said casing, and a bath of lubricant partly submerging said compressor, and an oil trap adapted to receive the discharge from the compressor comprising a receiver and a gas collecting tube leading from a high point in the receiver, said receiver being adapted to drain back into sa1d casing.

4. In a deviceofthe class described a casing having internal and external cooling fins, a rotary compressor mounted within said casing, a bath of lubricant partly submerging said compressor and a discharge valve for said compressor having an outlet. extending above the level of'the lubricant within said casing, and an oil trap adapted to receive the discharge from the compressor comprising a receiver and a gas collecting tube leading from a high point in the receiver, said receiver being adapted to drain back into said casing.

5. In a rotary -compressor, a fixed cylinder, a rotating shaft journalled therein, an

eccentric on said shaft, a piston on said eccentric, counterweigh'ts on said shaft op= posed to said eccentric, a partition blade secured to said piston and a rocker for said blade adjustably mounted in said cylinder.

6. In a rotary compressor, a drivin shaft having an eccentric thereon and anaxial passage and radial outlets from said passage adjacent the points requiring lubrication, a piston mounted on said eccentric,'a cylinder surrounding said pistonand having bearings on the eccentric shaft on either side of the eccentric, a rocker mounted in said cylinder, a partition blade secured to the piston and reciprocating 1n sa1d rocker, and a gas seal between sa1d blade and piston comprising a plug driven between the mating surfaces thereof.

7. In a rotary compressor, a driving shaft having an eccentric thereon and an axial passage and radial outlets from said passage adjacent the points requiring lubrication, a piston'mounted on said eccentric, a cylinder surrounding said piston and having hearings on the eccentric shaft on either side of the eccentric, a rocker mounted in an adjustable boss in. said cylinder, and a partition blade secured to the piston and reciprocating in said rocker.

8. In a rotary compressor, a driving shaft having an eccentric thereon and an axial passage and radial outlets from said passage adjacent the points requiring lubrication, a

roller bearing on said eccentric, a piston "mounted thereon, a cylinder surounding said piston, roller bearings for the cylinder mounted on the shaft on either side of said eccentric, a rocker mountedin an adjustable boss in said cylinder, and a partition blade secured to said piston and reciprocating in said rocker. c

9. An oil trap adapted to receive the discharge from a compressor comprising a horizontal tube having a bottom inlet at one end for the discharge'from the compressor, and an inclined collecting tube extending within the horizontal tube and having its opening adjacent the top of the horizontal tube at the end opposite the inlet.

10. In a. rotary compressor, a shaft, an eccentric thereon, a cylinder axially disposed relative to the shaft, end walls for the cylinder having journals for said shaft, a piston mounted onsaid eccentric, a blade secured to said piston, and a rocker for said blade adjustably mounted in said cylinder to maintain sealing engagement there- 111.

11. A rotary compressor comprising a casing, a cylinder therein,a rocker in the cylinder, means for adjusting the cylinder to fit the rocker, a piston in said cylinder, a blade on said piston slidably engaged in said rocker,and eccentric means for oper-- ating said piston to cause the compression of a fluid by the compressor.

12. A rotary compressor comprising a casing, a cylinder therein, a rocker in the cylinder, means for adjusting the cylinder to fit the rocker, a piston in said cylinder, a blade on said piston slidably engaged in said rocker, a rigid gas stop inserted between the mating surfaces of the blade-and the piston and eccentric means for operating said piston to cause the compression of a fluid by the compressor.

13. A rotary compressor comprising a rasing, a cylinder therein, a rocker in the cylinder, means for adjusting the cylinder to fit the rocker, a piston in said cylinder, 3. blade on said piston slidably engaged in said rocker, a shaft having an eccentric adapted to actuate said piston a roller bear.-

inn; between the eccentric and the piston and roller bearings supporting the shaft in the cylinder.

14. A rotary compressor comprising a casing, a cylinder therein, a rocker in the cylinder, means for adjusting the cylinder to fit the rocker, a piston in said cylinder, 21 blade on said piston slidably engaged in said rocker, a shaft having an eccentric cylinder, said shaft being drilled to adapted to actuate said piston, a roller bearing between the eccentric and the piston, roller bearings supporting the shaft in the rovide centrifugal oil pumping for lubricating the bearings.

15. A rotary compressor comprising a casing, a cylinder therein, a rocker in the' cylinder, means for adjusting the cylinder to fit the rocker, a piston in said cylinder, a blade on said piston slidably engaged in said rocker, a shaft having an eccentric adapted to actuate said piston, a roller hearing between the eccentric and the piston,

roller bearings supporting the shaft in the cylinder and a thrust bearing on said shaft I adapted to locate the same relative to the cylinder.

16. In a rotary compressor a cylinder, a shaft mounted axially of the cylinder, an eccentric on said shaft, a piston mounted on the shaft eccentric withinfthe cylinder, countcrweights secured to said shaft to balance the eccentric and piston, and oil passages formed in said shaft adapted to centrifugally oil the rotating parts.

17. A compressor comprising an internally finned casing having a lubricant therein, a cylinder in saidfcasing partially submerged in the lubricant, a drive shaft projecting into the casing and into said cylinder, said drive shaft having an axial passage with radial outlets Within the cylinder adapted to form a lubricant pump, an eccentric associated with said shaft, and a piston in saidcylinder supported on said-eccentric. In testimony whereof We have hereunto subscribed our names.

HAROLD W. WISHART. WILLIAM WISHART. 

